COMMON PHYSICAL FAILURES IN HARD DRIVES
Physical Failure. One of the most common physical data losses occurs at the head assembly level, where the read and write mechanism is located.
One of the most common physical data losses occurs at the head assembly level, where the read and write mechanism is located. This is the most important section of the drive because it’s not only the fastest moving but also the more delicate section.
Fortunately, one of the parts we don’t have to worry much about nowadays is the spindle. We would suggest that manufacturers have continually improved this section so that the failure count for this specific part of the drive has dropped consistently over the last few years.
Unfortunately, it’s the delicate heads that remain at risk. The head’s slider hovers over the platter at a minimal distance (less than a hair width above) where it continually records the new data being created. Any time the drive is hit, dropped, shaken, etc., it can cause damage to the platter and therefore to the data. If this happens, what follows is commonly known as a crash (a physical scratch in the platter which affects the access to the data).
Drives can also suffer from electronic failures. Spikes in the mains voltage can be transferred to the magnetic media on the platters through the HDD’s printed circuit board (PCB) and subsequently to the heads, causing magnetic damage (also known as media corruption).
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Another common type of damage is due to water. HDDs have a breathing hole with a filter which is required to equalize pressure inside and outside of the drive. This means that if a drive is dipped in water for a few seconds, there normally isn’t a major problem. However, if the drive is submerged for a longer period the water can filter through into the HDD because it is not fully sealed by design.
All running drives should be fairly silent. Any unusual noises, including clicking, hissing and scratching are a sure sign that the drive is damaged. You should stop using it immediately to prevent any further data loss.
Another physical failure we often see is due to fire. While a short exposure to temperatures of 100° may not cause any major damage, a longer exposure at 200° will most likely create some corruption in the data. Exposure at 300° or higher can de-solder the electronic connections, and since HDDs and platters are made of aluminum, they can warp.
A further issue with fire damage that is often overlooked is that firefighters will use cold water to put the fire out, which not only causes water damage to the drive but also the extreme temperature change can cause further warping of the drive, extending the damage
So is data recoverable from any of these types of damage? Fortunately yes, though you’ll need the help of an expert who knows how to get the data back instead of risking further (and perhaps irreparable) damage.
Many factors can influence whether a recovery is possible or not. For example, recovery will depend on how big or bad the crash is. Sometimes the electronics themselves might be damaged, but once the electronics are fixed, the drive itself may still be in a good enough condition to allow recovery. The duration of the exposure (to fire or water) can also be a critical factor.
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